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Real Estate Glossary D [Part 4]
Duct
A tube, pipe, or channel used to transport fluids, cables, wires, or tempered air. Telephone and electricity wires are frequently routed through underfloor duct systems.
Air from the furnace is sent to rooms in the house through pipes made of metal.
Due date
A payment deadline specified in a note or contract. The payment is past due if it is not received by the agreed-upon deadline. Most contracts stipulate that late payments are permissible during a grace period. The delinquency date is the last day of the grace period.
Due diligence
The timely analytical study of all reasonable factors affecting the development of a property, including environmental, financial, legal, and other factors.
- A reasonable, proper, and appropriate level of care and engagement. An stated or implied requirement in certain real estate transactions that a person employ good faith efforts to perform contractual obligations. A buyer who makes an offer contingent on receiving finance must conduct due diligence in order to obtain such funding. A buyer who fails to conduct a due diligence inspection of a property later determined to contain hazardous substances may be liable for full cleanup charges under Superfund rules.
- In securities law, the duty of the issuer or broker to ensure that the offering prospectus is truthful and does not misstate or omit material information.
- A period of time during which a buyer is allowed to have experts evaluate the property, study the title, and review the leases to assess whether the property meets the buyer’s needs. If the buyers discover disagreeable conditions, they often have the right to withdraw from the transaction before the due diligence time expires.
The examination of all relevant information about a possible investment.
A potential purchaser’s study and fact-finding procedure that allows them to make a more educated decision about whether to buy or invest. Under legal words, this is the level of caution that a reasonable and sensible person would use in the conditions of the transaction.
After a buyer and seller reach an agreement on a purchase price, the buyer is given time to check the information provided by the seller. The buyer, for example, will want to confirm the scale of specific running expenditures, the current rent charged to renters, the absence of environmental hazards, and so on. The due-diligence procedure is the process of “kicking the tyres” before the final closing.
Analyze the property or asset to find out if there is a legal or financial liability. Most of the time, this is done by the buyer before an agreement is made.
The process of looking at a property, its documents, and the way it is run. This can be done by the potential lender or buyer, or for them. Using a consistent standard of inspection and investigation, one can figure out if the real conditions match the information or not.
Due on sale
All outstanding debt must be paid when the property is sold or transferred under a mortgage contract.
Due process
Proceedings conducted in conformity with legal precedent, legislation, and constitutional rules, with the goal of protecting the rights of all parties involved in a dispute.
Due-on-sale clause
A clause in most mortgage loans that requires the borrower to pay off the mortgage debt when the property is sold. If the borrower doesn’t, the note will automatically mature at the lender’s choice. This clause makes it impossible for the new buyer to take over the mortgage unless the mortgagee agrees. If the mortgagee agrees, the mortgagee could raise the interest rate or charge an assumption fee. It is a part of contracts for deed and deeds of trust. It is also called an alienation clause, a non-assumption clause, a call clause, or a right-to-sell clause.
Even though such clauses are upheld in most states, some state courts and legislatures have thrown them out because they are an unreasonable restriction on transferring the property, at least without proof that the transfer will hurt the lender’s security in the property (the “bankrupt-arsonist buyer”).
A due-on-encumbrance clause, which can be found in a mortgage or a deed of trust, is similar to a due-on-sale clause. It lets the mortgage holder pay off the mortgage note early if the mortgagor gets a second loan on the property. The clause is there because the mortgagee thinks that any extra financing reduces the mortgagor’s equity in the property and makes it more likely that the debt will not be paid. Some courts have also thrown out these kinds of clauses because they put unreasonable limits on how property can be sold.
Before 1990, there were no due-on-sale clauses in VA and FHA mortgages.
A mortgage provision demanding full payment of the mortgage at the time of selling. A new buyer will not be able to take on this form of financing.
The provision in a mortgage contract that mandates the borrower to repay the loan in full if the property used as security for the loan is sold.
Duplex
A structure that houses two families and has separate entrances, kitchens, bedrooms, living spaces, and bathrooms for each. A two-family home with apartments that are either side by side (known as a twin in some locations) or one over the other.
Some duplex owners contend that a duplex is just the joining of two distinct single-family residences with a party wall in developments where single-family dwellings are prohibited. Many sub-dividers limit use to “detached single-family houses” to avoid such disputes. The rooms in a duplex apartment are spread out over two stories.
Under one roof, there are two residential units.
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Duplex apartment
Two households can share a two-story apartment with two separate entrances.
Dura board
A concrete panel and fibreglass, which are usually used to back ceramic tiles. They are often found on bathtub decks. Also called “Wonder Board.”
Durable power of attorney
A power-of-attorney document that says the attorney in fact will still have power even if the principal is physically or mentally unable to do so. Like all powers of attorney, it ends when the person who gave it to the agent dies.
Duration
The time it takes to perform a project activity.
Duress
Menace is the use of illegal force or action by one person against another in order to force the other person to do something against her will. Menace is also the threat of force. You can use duress as a reason not to enforce a contract because there was no real agreement between the parties. The person who was forced to sign a contract can’t use it against them. Courts don’t give much weight to economic duress, which is when a person says he was forced to sign a contract because of money problems.
Dwang
Firms up framing by being tucked in between stud walls or joists on the floor.
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Dwelling
The term “residence” refers to a location where people can live.
Any building, structure, or part of a building or structure that is used and occupied for human habitation or is meant to be used for that purpose, as well as any accessories. Many cities and towns have laws about fixing, closing, and tearing down homes that are not safe for people to live in.
A place to live. A dwelling or structure occupied solely for living purposes.
Dwelling unit
According to many zoning codes, a dwelling unit is a room or group of rooms that can be used by a family on its own and has a single kitchen, unlike a hotel room. Under the federal Fair Housing Act, this term refers to any place that is meant to be a home. Hotels, motels, and other similar places are not included.
A place to live. A dwelling or structure occupied solely for living purposes.
DWV (drain waste vent)
The plumbing system is responsible for getting water and sewer gas out of the house.
Dynamic system
A complex and ever-changing or evolving group of different and interconnected entities and agents that are put together into a whole that works and serves multiple and/or common goals. See also how the system and the market work.
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